Although historical records mention an primitif castle as early as the 11th century, the site has in fact been occupied since prehistoric times, as evidenced by the troglodyte caves beneath the castle’s main courtyard. The presence of Gallo-Roman foundations (only the Gallo-Roman nymphaeum is visible today) and Merovingian sarcophagi found on the estate also attest to the fact that Cazeneuve welcomed its first inhabitants long before the castle was built.
It was in the 11th century that the first wooden castle was built on a rocky outcrop. Ideally situated at the confluence of the River Ciron and the Homburens stream, this fist castle was protected by natural defences.
Later, in the 14th century, Amanieu VII, the great builder of the d’Albret family, transformed this castle into a medieval fortress. Cazeneuve thus took on the shape of an irregular polygon, giving it its unique architecture. A moat was added to protect the southern section. The village of Cazeneuve was also defended by fortified stone walls, wide ditches and a drawbridge.
Cour basse du château
At the turn of the 17th century, Cazeneuve was transformed into a magnificent modern castle. The new owner, Raymond de Vicose, a cousin of Henry IV, was a very wealthy man. He commissioned major works to modernise the château: the windows were enlarged, carved fireplaces were installed and a terrace was built.
As early as the 16th century, galleries had already been added to each floor to provide access to the rooms, which was particularly innovative as rooms were still mostly arranged in a row at that time.
In 1680, a chapel was built on the first floor in place of a former courtroom.
The Château de Cazeneuve during the 20th century (postcard)
The following centuries were more peaceful; generations came and went, but no major works were carried out. The village of Cazeneuve gradually disappeared, the fortification walls crumbled and its defensive moats were filled in. The south-west tower collapsed, cutting the old ramparts in two. However, the interior of the château continued to be well maintained, as evidenced by the numerous pieces of antique furniture within.
The château was relatively spared during the French Revolution; only a few coats of arms were destroyed.
During the Second World War, the château was occupied by the German army; whilst the structure itself was not damaged, some objects and furniture were deteriorated.
